فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 71، تابستان 1402)

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and adolescent’s depression symptoms, with psychological inflexibility as a mediator. The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population consisted of all teenagers of Kermanshah city. 308 teenagers were selected by cluster random sampling. The instruments used included the Kovacs Depression Questionnaires, Baumrind Parenting Styles, and measures of avoidance and fusion. To analyze the data Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted. The results indicated that the authoritarian parenting style was directly associated with depression symptoms, while authoritative and permissive parenting styles were indirectly linked to depression symptoms through psychological inflexibility. Additionally, psychological inflexibility was found to have a direct influence on depression symptoms. Further analysis revealed a significant relationship between authoritative and permissive parenting styles and depression symptoms, mediated by psychological inflexibility. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the relationship between parenting styles, psychological inflexibility, and depression symptoms be considered in interventions targeting adolescent mental health.

The present study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on levels of self-criticism and suicidal ideations in adolescents with self-harm. The research method was semi-experimental which was carried out with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included male adolescents in the age range of 13-18 years in Ardabil city in the second half of 2022. The research sample consisted of 30 adolescents who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced in experimental (15 adolescents) and control groups (15 adolescents). The self-criticism level scale of Thompson and Zoroff and the Beck suicidal ideation questionnaire were used to collect data. For the experimental group, eight 90-minute sessions of ACT were performed. Data analysis were done with the multivariate analysis of covariance test. Based on the findings, ACT was effective on comparative self-criticism, internal self-criticism, and suicidal ideations in adolescents with self-mutilation. Therefore, according to the results, ACT can reduce the levels of self-criticism and suicidal ideations in adolescents with self-mutilation. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use the mentioned treatment method to reduce the levels of self-criticism and suicidal ideations of adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of maternal reflective functioning mediators in association with the mother’s traumatic childhood experiences and their children’s emotional and behavioral problems. The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population included the mothers who visited secured houses in the city of Tehran in 2021 that selected by voluntarily method. They answered to the Paternal Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) (Lutin et al.), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein et al.) and The Child Behavioral Check List (CBCL) (Achenbach & Rescorla). The data were analyzed by path analysis test. The findings of this research showed that traumatic childhood experiences significantly predict low reflective functioning. Also, traumatic childhood experiences and low reflective action of mothers have a significant positive relationship with emotional and behavioral problems in their children. These findings indicated that reflective functioning plays a mediating role in the relationship between traumatic childhood experience and children’s emotional and behavioral problems. According to the findings, it is recommended to hold a workshop and training based on attachment theory in order to familiarize and deal with mothers' traumatic childhood experiences.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion focused therapy on self -handicapping, interpersonal communication skills and life orientation in divorced women referred to counseling centers in Isfahan. The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up which was performed in the fall of 2020.  For this purpose, among the referents, 28 women who met the criteria for entering the research were selected with the convenience sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The participants of the experimental group received Goldman and Greenberg's emotion-focused therapy individually for 9 sessions of 90 minutes. They answered the questionnaires of Jones & Rudwalt Self-handicapping, Jerabek Interpersonal Communication Skills and Scheier & Carver. Life Orientation [1]in three phases. For data analysis variance with repeated measures was used. Finding indicated reduction in mean of self-handicapping and improvement in interpersonal communication skills and life orientation in experimental group in comparison to control group. Based on the findings, for reduction of self-handicapping and improvement in interpersonal communication skills and life orientation in divorced women emotion focused therapy can be used.

The current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Positive Couple Therapy (CFPCT) on entitlement, bullying and compatibility in narcissistic men. The research's method was semi-experimental in comparison with a control with follow-up. The statistical population was men that came to a counseling center in east of Tehran in 2021, who showed narcissistic symptoms. 30 men who scored lower than others in compatibility with their spouses were selected and randomly assigned into one group of experimental and a control. The research tools were narcissistic personality of Iranian couple questionnaire, bullying in marital relationships, questionnaire of compatibility with spouse, Maladaptive schemas questionnaire, CFPCT protocol. The experimental group received CFPCT as a couple and face-to-face for 2 months in 15 sessions of 100 minutes twice a week. The data were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis of variance test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in entitlement and bullying in marital relations and compatibility with the spouse in the experimental group in comparison with to the control one in the post-test phase, this effect continued in a one-month follow-up. Therefore CFPCT can be applied in counseling centers to improve the relationships of narcissistic spouses.

The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of logotherapy on corona anxiety and psychological hardiness in students with emotional disturbance. The research method was quasi-experimental, with a pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all students of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch in 2021. The sample size included 30 students, which replaced two control and experimental groups using purposeful sampling (The criterion was the highest score from emotional disturbance scale, corona anxiety scale and the lowest score in psychological hardiness scale). The experimental group received Logotherapy for 8 weeks and each session was 75 minutes, after the termination, the follow-up phase was carried out two months later. The research tools included the DASS-21 Scale Lovibond & Lovibond, CDAS Scale Alipour& et al., and the LGHS Scale Lang and Goulet.To analyze the data, analysis of repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni tests used. The results showed that logotherapy has a significant effect on reducing the corona anxiety and increasing psychological hardiness. Therefore, psychologists can use this intervention to improve research variables.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy on increasing self-care in women with type 2 diabetes. The research design was quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population included 618 diabetic patients, enrolled in the Diabetes Charity Clinic in 2019 , of whom 36 were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants completed the self-care questionnaire of diabetic patients before and after the intervention period. The intervention was performed on the experimental group for two months 90-minute sessions of weekly. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used for data analysis. The results showed that in the post-test, reality therapy intervention significantly increased self-care scores and its subscales (exercise, treatment and foot-care), except diet, in women with diabetes. Glasser Reality Therapy Intervention can be used as an effective intervention method to increase self-care in women with diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of religious orientation in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and corona anxiety. The research method was correlational. The statistical population of the study was the adults over 20 years old in Tehran. In this study, 480 participated in the research through an internet call with convenience sampling method. The instruments were Corona anxiety scale of Alipour, et al, emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnefski and Kraaij and religious orientation scale of Allport and Ross. Statistical analysis of data was performed using structural equation model. The results showed that there was negative correlation between adaptive of emotion regulation with corona anxiety and positive correlation between maladaptive of emotion regulation and corona anxiety. Also, cognitive emotion regulation had a significant relationship with corona anxiety both directly and indirectly through external and internal religious orientation. The indices also indicated the good fit of the model. Thus, the Corona anxiety of adolescents is influenced by emotion regulation and external and internal religious orientation. This finding can be used to design an intervention to reduce anxiety in the adults during the outbreak of infectious diseases.